Mental and Behavioral Health Services Essay Example for Free

psychic and Behavioral wellness Services EssayWhile the time to come of Mental and Behavioral health Services continue to strive through many striving goals to trail continuous practices, treatments, evaluations, policies, and interrogation, advancements argon taking place to better the future of this program and its outreach to the battalion. Mental disorders are universal in the United States and internationally. An estimated 26.2 percentage of Americans ages 18 and older about unmatchable in four adults concentrate from a diagnosable mental disorder in a given year.1 When applied to the 2004 U.S. nosecount residential nation estimate for ages 18 and older, this figure translated to 57.7 million mint.2 Even though mental disorders are rough-cut in the population, the main load of illness is concentrated in a much smaller dimension about 6 percent, or 1 in 17 who are suffering from a stern-minded mental illness.1 In addition, mental disorders are the leading cau se of check in the U.S. and Canada.3 Many people suffer from more than than whiz mental disorder at a given time. Roughly, 45 percent of those with any mental disorder meet the criteria for world toughenedly related to having 2 or more disorders.1 Awareness of having a disorder is very uncommon in the U.S.DEFINED FUTURE PROBLEMSBehavioral wellness is a state of mental/emotional being and/or choices and actions that affect wellness. message ridicule and insult are one set of behavioral wellness problems. Others allow in, but are not limited to, serious psychological distress, suicide, and mental illness (4. SAMHSA, 2011). Many of these problems are far-reaching and evolve a toll on individuals, their families and communities, and the broader society. question allows us to get a better picture of what the future looks like and what people need to be continuing to do and improve on. By looking over research, statistics predict that by 2020, mental and way use disorder s will exceed all physical diseases as a major(ip) cause of dis exponent worldwide.The annual total estimated societal cost of nerve centre abuse in the United States is $510.8 billion, with an estimated 23.5 million Americans vulcanised 12 and older needing treatment for substance use. A vast with that, every year almost 5,000 people below the age of 21 stop as a result of underage drinking and more than 34,000 Americans die every year as a result of suicide, almost one every 15 minutes. Also, half(a) of all lifetime cases of mental and substance use disorders begin by age 14 and three-quarters by age 24in 2008, an estimated 9.8 million adults in the U.S. had a serious mental illness.The wellness and wellness of individuals in America are jeopardized and the unnecessary cost to society flow across Americas communities, schools, businesses, prisons jails, and wellness care delivery systems. Many programs and run are working together to minimize the impact of substance abuse and mental illnesses on Americas communities.Many practitioners have a very deep reason approach to behavioral wellness and perceive prevention as part of an overall continuum of care. The Behavioral wellness Continuum of Care Model swear outs us recognize that there are multiple opportunities for calculateing behavioral health problems and disorders base on the Mental health incumbrance Spectrum, first introduced in a 1994 Institute of Medicine report, the fabricling includes these components ( It is outstanding to keep in mind that preventives do not always fit neatly into one category or an different)* Promotion These strategies are designed to create environments and conditions that live on behavioral health and the ability of individuals to withstand challenges. Promotion strategies also reinforce the entire continuum of behavioral health serve. * legal profession Delivered forward to the blast of a disorder, these interventions are intended to prevent or reduce the find of wining a behavioral health problem, much(prenominal) as underage alcohol use, prescription drug misuse and abuse, and illicit drug use. * Treatment These service are for people diagnosed with a substance use or other behavioral health disorder. * Maintenance These services support individuals compliance with long-term treatment and aftercare.Two strategies for promoting the more important and most good openings in having access to mental and behavioral health services include providing education to reach the human race, and the prevention and early intervention matters intertwining with the Continuum model components of treatment and maintenance. 7 The New Freedom steering Report and Surgeon Generals Report both emphasized the importance of changing popular attitudes to eliminate the stigma associated with mental illness. Advocates for the mentally ill identify stigma and discrimination as major impediments to treatment.Stigma prevents individuals from acknowled ging these conditions and erodes public confidence that mental disorders are treatable. A plurality of Americans believe that mental illnesses are just like any other illness however, 25 percent of survey respondents would not pleasant into their neighborhoods facilities that treat or house people with mental illnesses, suggesting that some level of lingering stigma persists.8 sixty-one percent of Americans envisage that people with schizophrenia are likely to be dangerous to others9 despite research suggesting that these individuals are rarely violent.10With that being said, the media plays a large role in shaping how the youth think and behave from many of the messages kids receive from television, music, magazines, billboards, and the Internet use. However, the media can be used to encourage positive behaviors as well. Four evidence based communication and education prevention approaches are through public education, mixer marketing, media advocacy, and media literacy that ca n be used to influence company norms, increase public awareness, and attract community support for a variety of prevention issues (SAMHSA). Public education is usually the most common strategy and is an in force(p) way to show support to the development and success of programs and increase awareness about new or existing laws, publicizing a community based program, and reinforce instruction taught in schools or community based organizations.Through cordial marketing, practitioners use advertising philosophies to change social norms and promote healthy behaviors. genial marketing campaigns do more than just provide information and tries to convince people to adopt a new behavior by showing them a benefit they will receive in return.11 affectionate marketing campaigns are being used in a variety of social services and public health settings. Media advocacy involves shaping the way social issues are discussed in the media to build support for changes in public policy. By working directly with local newspapers, television, and radio to change both the amount of reportage the media provide and the content of that coverage, media advocates hope to influence the way people talk and think about a social or public policy12. Media literacy is a newer communications strategy aimed at teaching young people critical-viewing skills. Media literacy programs teach kids how to analyze and understand the media messages they encounter so they can better understand what theyre real being asked to do and think.Inferences about a program effectiveness relies on three things (1) measures of key constructs, such as gamble and protective factors or processes, symptoms, disorders, or other outcomes, and program implementation, fidelity, or participation (2) a study design that determines which participants are being examined, how and when they will be assessed, and what interventions they will receive and (3) statistical analyses that model how those given an intervention diff er on outcomes compared with those in a comparison condition 19In the past, practitioners and researchers saw substance abuse prevention different from the prevention of other behavioral health problems. however evidence indicates that the populations are importantly affected by these overlapping problems as well as factors that make for to these problems. thitherfore, improvements in one area usually have direct impacts on the other.According to the Substance deprave and National Health Services Administration, not all people or populations are at the same(p) risk of developing behavioral health problems. Many young people have more than one behavioral disorder. These disorders can interact and contribute to the charge of other disorders. Besides extensive research documenting strong relations between multiple problems, its not always clear what leads to what. Mental and physical health is also connected. Good mental health often contributes to good physical health. In the same way, the presence of mental health disorders, including substance abuse and dependence, is often associated with physical health disorders as well (OConnell, 2009). angiotensin-converting enzyme major advancement that has been recently made is from The Substance hollo and Mental Health Services Administration, adding a new search feature to its National Registry of Evidence-based Programs and Practices (NREPP) Web site. The feature allows users to identify NREPP interventions that have been evaluated in comparative effectiveness research studies.Both the Obama Administration and the U.S. Congress have championed additional investments in comparative effectiveness research to enhance public understanding about which healthcare interventions are most effective in different circumstances and with different patients. The new NREPP feature can provide added information for States and communities want to determine which mental health and substance abuse prevention and treatment interv entions may best address their needs.The Surgeon Generals notes that effective interventions help people to understand that mental disorders are not character flaws but are legitimate illnesses that respond to specific treatments, just as other health conditions respond to medical interventions. (7) The two major influences that are targeted upon are risk and protective factors. According to SAMHSAs levels of risk and interventions, some risk factors are causal others act as proxies, or markers of an underlying problem. Some risk and protective factors, such as gender and ethnicity, are fixed, meaning they dont change over time. Other risk and protective factors are considered variable these can change over time. Variable risk factors include income level, peer group, and employment status. Many factors influence a persons likeliness to develop a substance abuse or related behavioral health problem. Effective prevention focuses on reducing those risk factors, and strengthening those protective factors, that are most closely related to the problem being addressed.Taken into consideration that hinderance interventions are most effective when they are appropriately matched to their target populations level of risk, The Institute of Medicine defines three broad types of prevention interventions, universal, selective, and indicated. Universal preventive interventions take the broadest approach, targeting the general public or a whole population that has not been determine on the keister of individual risk (OConnell, 2009). Universal prevention interventions might target schools, whole communities, or workplaces.Selective preventive interventions target individuals or a population sub-group whose risk of developing mental disorders or substance abuse disorders is significantly higher than average, prior to the diagnosis of a disorder (5. OConnell, 2009). Selective interventions target biological, psychological, or social risk factors that are more prominent among high-risk groups than among the wider population. Indicated preventive interventions target high-risk individuals who are identified as having minimal but detectable signs or symptoms foreshadowing mental, emotional, or behavioral disorder prior to the diagnosis of a disorder (6. IOM, 2009). Interventions focus on the immediate risk and protective factors present in the environments surrounding individuals.A more harsher or serious way of approaching prevention is through policy adoption and enforcement. Policy can be broadly defined as standards for behavior that are formalistic to some degree (that is, written) and embodied in rules, regulations, and procedures.13 In order to work, these standards must reflect the authentic norms and intentions of a particular community. There are six major types of policy SAMHSA uses to prevent alcohol and other drug use through economic policies, restrictions on access and availability, restrictions on location and density, deterrence, restri cting use, and restrain the marketing of alcohol products.Policy can be an effective prevention strategyas long as the laws and regulations you put in place are consistent with community norms and beliefs about the rightness or wrongness of the behavior you want to legislate14. The key to effective enforcement is visibility People need to see that substance use prevention is a community priority and that violations of related laws and regulations will not be tolerated. 6 Strategies that we use today for Enforcement are through surveillance, community policing, having incentives, and penalties, fines, and detentions.There have been many areas of progress in preventive intervention research since the 1994 Institute of Medicine (IOM) report Reducing Risks for Mental Disorders Frontiers for Preventive Intervention interrogation. Experimental research has greatly improved mainly due to the advances in the methodological approaches applied to intervention research. For a range of outcom es, while the different types of intervention research has increased, so has the number of studies providing economic analyses in the costs and benefits of these interventions.As the 2001 U.S. Surgeon Generals report on childrens mental health indicated, there is a current need for improved and expanded mental health services for children and adolescents (15). There is a greater need for greater access to a variety of mental health services for children including both medication for emotional or behavioral difficulties and treatments other than medication. Recent research studies have authenticated the increased use of psychotropic medications (16).Less is known, though, about the use of nonmedication treatments for the emotional and behavioral difficulties of U.S. children. These treatments may include community-based services such as behavioral and family therapy provided by mental health professionals in clinic and office settings and school-based services such as assessments of mental health problems, individual counseling, and crisis intervention services for students (17,18). With the information collected by the mental health service questions in the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), it will be possible to monitor future trends in the use of both medication and other treatments for the emotional and behavioral difficulties of children.Recommended changes by the Surgeon General include improve geographic access integrate mental health and primary care ensure language access coordinate and integrate mental health services for high-need populations. (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2001)1. Kessler RC, Chiu WT, Demler O, Walters EE. Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of twelve-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). Archives of General Psychiatry, 2005 Jun62(6)617-27.2. U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates by Demographic Characteristics.Table 2 Annual Estimates of the Population by Selected succession Groups and Sex for the United States April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2004 (NC-EST2004-02) Source Population Division, U.S. Census Bureau Release Date June 9, 2005. http//www.census.gov/popest/national/asrh/3. The universe Health Organization. The global burden of disease 2004 update, Table A2 Burden of disease in DALYs by cause, excite and income group in WHO regions, estimates for 2004. Geneva, Switzerland WHO, 2008. http//www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/GBD_report_2004update_AnnexA.pdf.4. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2011). Leading change A plan for SAMHSAs roles and actions 2011-2014. Rockville, MD SAMHSA.5. OConnell, M. E., Boat, T., Warner, K. E. (Eds.). (2009). Preventing mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders among young people Progress and possibilities. National Research Council and Institute of Medicine of the National Academies. Washington, D.C. The National Academies Press.6. Compton, M. T. (2009). Clinical Manual of Prevention in Mental Health (1st ed.). American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.7.. U.S. DHHS. 1999. Mental Health A Report of the Surgeon General. 8. Pescosolido, B. et al. 2000.Americans Views of Mental Health and sickness at the Centurys End Continuity and Change. Public Report on the MacArthur Mental Health Module, 1996 General Social Survey. Bloomington, Indiana.9. Steadman, H.J. et al. 1998.Violence by People Discharged from Acute Psychiatric Inpatient Facilities and by Others in the Same Neighborhoods. Archives of General Psychiatry 55 (5) 393401.10. Borinstein,A.B. 1992. Public Attitudes Toward Persons with Mental Illness. Health Affairs 11 (3) 18696.11. Kotler, P. and Roberto, E. (1989). Social marketing Strategies for changing pubic behavior. New York Free Press.12. Wallack, L., Dorfman, L., Jernigan, D., and Themba, M. (1993). Media advocacy and public health condition for prevention. Newbury Park, CA Sage Publications.13. Bruner, C. and Chavez, M. (1996). Getting to the grassroots Neighborhood organizing and mobilization. Des Moines, IA NCSI Clearinghouse. CSAP Community Partnerships (unpublished document).14. Bruner, C. (1991). Thinking collaboratively Ten questions and answers to help policy makers improve childrens services. Washington, DC Education and Human Services Consortium15. U.S. Public Health Service. Report of the Surgeon Generals Conference on Childrens Mental Health A National Action Agenda. Washington, DC Department of Health and Human Services. 2000. 16. Martin A, Leslie D. Trends in psychotropic medication costs for children and adolescents, 19972000. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1579971004. 2003. 17. Steele RG, Roberts MC (Eds.). Handbook of mental health services for children, adolescents, and families. New York Springer, 2005.18. Foster S, Rollefson M, Doksum T, Noonan D, Robinson G, Teich J. School Mental Health Services in the United States, 20022003. DHHS Pub. No. (SMA) 054068. Rockville, MD Center for Mental Health Services, S ubstance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. 200519. Committee on the Prevention of Mental Disorders and Substance Abuse Among Children, Youth and Young Adults Research Advances and Promising Interventions, Institute of Medicine, National Research Council. 10 Advances in Prevention Methodology. Preventing Mental, Emotional, and Behavioral Disorders Among Young People Progress and Possibilities. Washington, DC The National Academies Press, 2009.